Diplomatist Magazine Annual Edition 2018 | Page 67

Knowledge Partner Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Diplomatist Image 32: US Secretary of State John Kerry, UN Special Envoy for Syria Lakhdar Brahimi, and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov discuss efforts to reach a poliLcal seBlement in the Syrian civil war during a press conference at the UN headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, on September 13, 2013 Geneva II and Subsequent Developments The Geneva II Conference, attended by Syrian government and the opposition groups, proved sterile. The Syrian government and the opposition met on 15 February 2014 for merely 15 minutes before the conference collapsed. Assad announced his intention to contest a new presidential election and Brahimi resigned in May 2014. In July 2014, Staffan de Mistura, another veteran UN diplomat, stepped in, and is still in office. He has convened intra-Syrian talks that have resulted in cease-fires and delivery of humanitarian assistance, but no real progress in moving towards a political transition, primarily because with massive military aid from Russia, Iran, and the Hezbollah, President Assad has concluded that there is a military solution to the crisis in his favour. Since December 2016, Russia has taken the initiative along with Turkey and Iran to hold peace talks known as the Astana Process. It has made some progress, but as the initiators are also actively engaged in supporting their respective clients, one need not consider it as preventive diplomacy. Brahimi reflected over the failure of the Annan mission. He wanted the US and Russia to come to an agreement. After repeated parleys, Russia and the US agreed in May 2013 to have The very designa@on as another conference in Geneva and to joint representa@ve of the jointly push for a transitional government. But they took time to UN and the LAS detracted agree on the dates as each wanted from his acceptability in its client to have an advantageous Damascus' eyes. position in the ongoing civil war. By June 2013, the death toll had crossed 100,000. August 2013 witnessed a chemical attack in Ghouta, killing hundreds of civilians. The UNSC adopted a resolution requiring destruction of chemical weapons in Syria and endorsing the Action Group's Geneva Communiqué. 56