Differences and mechanisms
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
TS, RH, KP, KB, JK, KF and AB conceived the idea for
the paper, while TS and KF recruited study participants
and collected biomechanical data. TS processed and
analyzed all biomechanical data and drafted the study
manuscript. All authors revised and provided significant
input to devise the final manuscript. All authors read and
approved the final manuscript.
ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE
All participants, together with parents/guardians of
those < 18 years of age, signed an informed consent
form. Ethics approval was obtained by the University
of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee
(#1442604).
study or from the manufacturer external to this study. All
research procedures were conducted independently,
without Asics Oceania involvement. We declare that the
results of this study are without fabrication, falsification, or
inappropriate data manipulation.
CONTRIBUTOR INFORMATION
Timothy A. Sayer, Phone: +352-691-869-115, Email: tim.
[email protected]
Rana S. Hinman, Email: [email protected]
Kade L. Paterson, Email: [email protected]
Kim L. Bennell, Email: [email protected]
Karine Fortin, Email: [email protected]
COMPETING INTERESTS J. Kasza, Email: [email protected]
This project was conducted in collaboration with our
industry partner Asics Oceania. None of the authors
receive any financial benefit from the results of this Adam L. Bryant, Email: [email protected]
REFERENCES
1. Novacheck TF. Running injuries: a biomechanical
approach. Instr Course Lect 1998 A;47:397–406.
2. Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DB, McKenzie
DC, Lloyd-Smith DR, Zumbo BD. A retrospective
case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br
J Sports Med. 2002;36(2):95–101. doi: 10.1136/
bjsm.36.2.95.
3. Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, van Poortvliet JA,
Phillips H. Mechanical factors in the incidence of
knee pain in adolescents and young adults. J Bone
J Surg (Br) 1984;66(5):685–693. doi: 10.1302/0301-
620X.66B5.6501361.
4. Myer GD, Ford KR, Barber Foss KD, Goodman
A, Ceasar A, Rauh MJ, et al. The incidence and
potential pathomechanics of patellofemoral pain in
female athletes. Clin Biomech. 2010;25(7):700–707.
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.04.001.
5. Crossley KM, Stefanik JJ, Selfe J, Collins NJ,
Davis IS, Powers CM, et al. 2016 patellofemoral
pain consensus statement from the 4th international
patellofemoral pain research retreat, Manchester.
Part 1: terminology, definitions, clinical examination,
natural history, patellofemoral osteoarthritis
and patient-reported outcome measures. Br J
Sports Med. 2016;50(14):839–843. doi: 10.1136/
bjsports-2016-096384.
6. Lankhorst NE, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van
Middelkoop M. Factors associated with
patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review.
Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(4):193–206. doi: 10.1136/
bjsports-2011-090369.
7. Fulkerson JP, Arendt EA. Anterior knee pain in
females. Clin Orthop Res. 2000;372:69–73. doi:
10.1097/00003086-200003000-00009.
8. Bonacci J, Vicenzino B, Spratford W,
Collins P. Take your shoes off to reduce
patellofemoral joint stress during running. Br J
Sports Med. 2014;48(6):425–428. doi: 10.1136/
bjsports-2013-092160.
9. Farrokhi S, Keyak JH, Powers CM. Individuals with
patellofemoral pain exhibit greater patellofemoral
joint stress: a finite element analysis study.
Osteoarthr Cartil. 2011;19(3):287–294. doi: 10.1016/j.
joca.2010.12.001.
10. Faust MS. Somatic development of adolescent
girls. Mono Soc Res Child Dev. 1977;42(1):1–90. doi:
10.2307/1165942.
11. Davies PL, Rose JD. Motor skills of typically
developing adolescents: awkwardness or
improvement? Phys Occup Ther Pediatr.
2000;20(1):19–42.
12. Wild CY, Steele JR, Munro BJ. Musculoskeletal
and estrogen changes during the adolescent growth
spurt in girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(1):138–
145. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826a507e.
13. Sayer TA, Hinman RS, Fortin K, Paterson
KL, Bennell KL, Timmi A, Pivonka P, Bryant AL.
Differences in hip and knee running moments
Current Pedorthics | March/April 2019
33