opiniones y propuestas de mejoramiento o cam-
bio de las prácticas en tanto hospital como de
usuarios o pacientes, entendiendo esto como
procesos de aprendizaje mutuo. La incorporación
de la perspectiva de los NNA sobre los derechos
de la niñez relacionadas a la atención hospitala-
ria contribuirá al logro del reconocimiento de los
NNA como sujetos de derecho.
Palabras clave: derechos del niño, salud, participación
seem like more significant rights in the collective
productions of groups.
Conclusion. Incorporating the rights approach
implies a change in the institutional culture. This
experience invites us to think about the develo-
pment of reeducation strategies that allow offi-
cials to reflect and transform practices that are
invisible in the normalized world of adults. NNA
participation meetings should be developed with
more continuity where opinions and proposals
for improvement or change of practices in both
hospitals and users or patients are given, unders-
tanding this as mutual learning processes. The
incorporation of the perspective of children and
adolescents on the rights of children related to
hospital care will contribute to the recognition of
children and adolescents as subjects of rights.
Key words: child rights, health, participation
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In daily practice, there is a lack of
knowledge about the rights of children and ado-
lescents by the health team, as well as the users
- patients and family -. This is mainly observed in
the persistence of paternalistic or protective atti-
tudes towards the children and adolescents who
attend to the services. As indicated in the first
publication, the Convention on the Rights of the
Child founds a new paradigm when considering
children and adolescents as subjects of rights.
Objective. To report the experience of the reali-
zation of a participative congress of children and
adolescents, on the rights of the children, desti-
ned to the integration of their perspective in the
assistance practice of the Dr. Exequiel González
Cortés Hospital.
Methodology. An encounter of children and
adolescents was developed, in which, under a
semi-structured survey, adjusted for age, which
consists of 3 dimensions: care, treatment and re-
cognition as subjects of rights. This was applied
to focus groups formed by age, the rights that are
most at risk - or are effectively - violated in the
care at our hospital were identified.
Results: The child is recognized as a subject of
rights, which requires a development scenario, a
space where they can interact and express free-
ly their point of view of the environment where
they develop as a social actor. Therefore, a hos-
pital for interaction and reconstruction of the
environment where it is housed should be con-
ceived. Enabling the realization of children and
adolescents as subjects of law in a place of in-
clusion. Through the exercise of systematization,
the following assessments were made in relation
to the dimensions analyzed: 1. Attention: good
attitude, the hospital is always a new experience;
2. treatment: it is important to be listened to, to
receive medical information. Do not be treated
like young children. Participate in the processes;
3. about rights: to recreation, inclusion, being
taken into account, being with family and friends
González F., et al.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Introducción. En la práctica diaria, se observa
la falta de conocimiento sobre los derechos de la
niñez y de la adolescencia por parte del equipo
de salud, así como de los usuarios –pacientes y
familia-. Esto se observa principalmente en la
persistencia de actitudes paternalistas o tutelares
hacia los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) que
se atienden en los servicios.
La Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño
(CDN) funda un nuevo paradigma al considerar
a los niños, niñas y adolescentes como sujetos de
derecho(1). Como refiere Schön, (la CDN) rompe
con la concepción que considera a los NNA como objetos
de tutela e intervención por parte del Estado, la sociedad
y las familias, e instaura un nuevo ordenamiento entre las
relaciones de los NNA, las instituciones, las familias y
la comunidad(2). Por lo tanto, se instala un nuevo
escenario sobre el que se deben construir las re-
laciones entre el Estado, la sociedad y los niños,
niñas y adolescentes.
Los servicios asistenciales pediátricos confor-
man un espacio donde deben promoverse y pro-
tegerse los derechos de la niñez. Sin embargo, ni
los mismos usuarios están al tanto de la vulnera-
ción de sus derechos. La participación de usua-
rios en la determinación de su salud, por medio
de la incidencia en las decisiones tomadas por los
prestadores y gestores de los dispositivos sanita-
rios ha tomado más fuerza en los últimos años,
sin embargo, excepcionalmente se ha escuchado
la opinión de los NNA en ella.
El Hospital de Niños Exequiel González Cortés,
es un Establecimiento Asistencial Docente,
112