Coastrider 569 | Page 44

44 CoastRider CoastRider - Edition 569 - Edition - October 470 20th - March 2015 5thwww.coastridersl.com 2013 This week in History October 20 1904 Bolivia and Chile sign a treaty ending the War of the Pacific. The treaty recognizes Chile’s possession of the coast, but provides for construction of a railway to link La Paz, Bolivia, to Arica, on the coast. 1938 Czechoslovakia, complying with Nazi policy, outlaws the Communist Party and begins persecuting Jews. 1941 German troops reach the approaches to Moscow. 1945 Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon form the Arab League to present a unified front against the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. 1947 The House Un-American Activities Committee opens public hearings on alleged communist infiltration in Hollywood. Among those denounced as having unAmerican tendencies are: Katherine Hepburn, Charles Chaplin and Edward G. Robinson. Among those called to testify is Screen Actors Guild President Ronald Reagan, who denies that leftists ever controlled the Guild and refuses to label anyone a communist. 1968 Jacqueline Kennedy marries Aristotle Onassis. 1973 Arab oil-producing nations ban oil exports to the United States, following the outbreak of Arab-Israeli war. 1977 Charter plane crashes in Mississippi, killing three members of popular Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, along with their assistant road manager, the pilot and copilot. 1991 Oakland Hills firestorm destroys nearly 3,500 homes and apartments and kills 25 people. 2011 In the Libyan civil war, rebels capture deposed dictator Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown of Sirte, killing him soon afterward. Born on October 20 1632 Sir Christopher Wren, astronomer and architect. 1884 Bela Lugosi, Hungarian-born film actor famous for his portrayal of Count Dracula (1931). 1891 Sir James Chadwick, physicist who won the Nobel Prize for discovering the neutron. 1901 Adelaide Hall, cabaret singer. 1925 Art Buchwald, humorist. 1931 Mickey Mantle, baseball great who played for the New York Yankees 1932 Michael McClure, beat poet. 1948 Tom Petty, singer, songwriter, musician; lead singer for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and a founder of the Traveling Wilburys and Mudcrutch bands; inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 2002. 1971 Snoop Dogg (Calvin Broadus, Jr.), rapper, songwriter, actor; his debut album, Doggy style, came in at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop charts. October 21 1805 Vice Admiral and Viscount Horatio Nelson wins his greatest victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off Cape Trafalgar, Spain. Nelson is fatally wounded in the battle, but lives long enough to see victory. 1879 After 14 months of testing, Thomas Edison first demonstrates his electric lamp, hoping to one day compete with gaslight. 1939 As war heats up with Germany, the British war cabinet holds its first meeting in the underground war room in London. 1940 Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is published. 1942 Eight American and British officers land from a submarine on an Algerian beach to take measure of Vichy French to the Operation Torch landings. 1961 Bob Dylan records his first album in a single day at a cost of $400. 1967 The "March on the Pentagon," protesting American involvement in Vietnam , draws 50,000 protesters. 1969 Israel’s Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan resigns over disagreements with Prime Minister Menachem Begin over policies related to the Palestinians. 1983 The United States sends a ten-ship task force to Grenada. 1994 North Korea and the US sign an agreement requiring North Korea to halts its nuclear weapons program and agree to international inspections. Born on October 21 1772 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet ("The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," "Kubla Khan"). 1833 Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prizes. 1917 Dizzy Gillespie, jazz trumpeter. 1929 Ursula K. Le Guin, science fiction writer (The Left Hand of Darkness) 1950 Ronald McNair, astronaut; died when Space Shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after launch on Jan. 2, 1986. 1952 Patti Davis, actress, author; daughter of former US Pres. Ronald Reagan. 1956 Carrie Fisher, actress, author, screenwriter; best known as Prince Leia in the original Star Wars trilogy and he bestselling novel Postcards from the Edge; daughter of singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds. 1969 Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Crown Prince of Bahrain; presently (2013) First Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Supreme Commander, he is heir apparent to the Bahrain kingdom. October 22 1797 The first successful parachute descent is made by Andre-Jacqes Garnerin, who jumps from a balloon at some 2,200 feet over Paris. 1918 The cities of Baltimore and Washington run out of coffins during the "Spanish Inflenza" epidemic. 1938 Chester Carlson invents the photocopier. He tries to sell the machine to IBM, RCA, Kodak and others, but they see no use for a gadget that makes nothing but copies. 1955 The prototype of the F-105 Thunder Chief makes its maiden flight. 1962 U.S. reveals Soviet missile sites in Cuba. President Kennedy orders a naval and air blockade on further shipment of military equipment to Cuba. Following a confrontation that threatens nuclear war, Kennedy and Khrushchev agree on October 28 on a formula to end the crisis. On November 2 Kennedy reports that Soviet missile bases in Cuba are being dismantled. 1964 Jean Paul Satre declines the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1966 The Soviet Union launches Luna 12 for orbit around the moon 1972 Operation Linebacker I, the bombing of North Vietnam with B-52 bombers , ends. 1978 Papal inauguration of Pope John Paul II; born Karol Jozef Wojtyla. The Polish-born Wojtyla was the first nonItalian pope since Pope Adrian VI died in 1523; he would become the second-longest serving pope in the history of the Papacy and exercise considerable influence on events of the later portion of the 20th century. 2005 Tropical Storm Alpha forms, making 2005 the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record with 22 named storms. Born on October 22 1811 Franz Liszt, piano virtuoso. 1882 N.C. Wyeth, painter famous for his illustrations of Treasure Island and Robin Hood. 1887 John Reed, American journalist, poet and revolutionary, (Ten Days That Shook the World). 1903 George Beadle, American geneticist. 1919 Doris Lessing, novelist (Children of Violence, The Golden Notebook). 1920 Timothy Leary, American psychologist who experimented with psychedelic drugs. 1938 Christopher Lloyd, actor; (Back to the Future Film series; Who Framed Roger Rabbit; won three Emmys, two of them for his role as Jim Ignatoski in Taxi TV series). 1939 Joaquim Chissano, second President of Mozambique (1986–2005); credited with transforming Mozambique into one of Africa’s most successful democracies. 1948 Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Pres. Gerald Ford on Sept. 5, 1975. 1952 Jeff Goldblum, actor (Jurassic Park; Independence Day). October 23 1918 President Wilson feels satisfied that the Germans are accepting his armistice terms and agrees to transmit their request for an armistice to the Allies. The Germans have agreed to suspend submarine warfare, cease inhumane practices such as the use of poison gas, and withdraw troops back into Germany.