ness of interorganizational actors. Nonmilitary actors contribute to economic, governance, and societal
domains to make transitions to host-nation authority
possible. Because their contributions to conditions
that facilitate transition to civil authority are essential,
Ruf called for periodic training with such partners to
build, maintain, and strengthen working relationships
with military actors.
Many of these organizations are not staffed sufficiently to allow them to participate in military exercises. When they do, they must achieve value for
their participation. Building opportunities for mutually beneficial training requires commands to move
from acknowledging the value of civil-sector actors to
designing scenarios that facilitate interaction that also
helps these civilian entities accomplish their missions.
Ruf’s organization, United States Institution of Peace
(USIP), has proven itself as a solid venue for civil-military collaboration that facilitates civilian priorities as
well as military ones. A large military footprint easily skews consideration of the factors that influence
decision-makers’ determination of when to transition
to civilian authority.
Ruf noted the value of meaningful, integrated
training and education and observes that much of the
terminology that the