5.
macromolecules
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Molecules that are so large are known as Macromolecules. Macromolecules have four different groups and have four different jobs. The four groups of Macromolecules are Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acid. Each one of these Macromolecules contain Carbon it is known as the “Backbone of life” because of its capabilities of bonding with almost every element as well as itself.
Macromolecules are made by a process called polymerization, this process joins monomers to make them polymers.
Carbohydrates are the key source of energy for living things. They are composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon atoms. They break down sugars or store them which form starches. Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules which include fructose galactose and glucose. When two monosaccharides are combine a disaccharide is formed, which basically is a double sugared molecule. Polysaccharides are many monosaccharides formed together they are large complex sugars. Animals use glycogen to store their energy while plants use starches.
Lipids are used to store energy, they are fats oils and waxes. They have Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with a saturate. There is three types of Lipids Saturated, Unsaturated, and PolySaturated, all of these have fatty acids.
Proteins are a sequence of amino acids twisted in a chain, it is made of many Amino Acids that form into a peptide bond. They are made up of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Proteins build bone, muscle and help fight diseases by transporting all the bad substances out of the cell.
Nucleic Acids is the storage of Genetic material of heredity. They have Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and phosphorus. There is two types of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acids and Ribonucleic Acid. They are made by monomers called Nucleotides, Nucleotides are connected by covalent bonds to form into Polynucleic Acids.
by: Justin