attoPUBLICATIONS attoCATALOG-2017/18 | Page 163

PAGE 161 Nanonis Tramea ™ : Instrument Concept - Speed and Performance The concept behind the Nanonis Tramea™ quantum transport mea- surement system is a major advancement compared to the technology used in most conventional measurement systems. Some of the most important differences are: • The integration of all functions into one platform with purely dig- ital signal processing eliminates the need of analog signal routing and complex wiring. Operations between signals can be done much faster, in a user-friendly fashion and without risk of sample damage. • Real-time data generation and acquisition and FPGA-based sig- nal processing offer massively faster speed, more flexibility and superior signal performance compared to conventional “boxed” hardware. Also, slow data busses like GPIB or RS-232 are no longer necessary since data acquisition runs on a real-time system in a single instrument. For the same reason, the measurement PC has no influence on the measurement speed. • The concept and workflow do not change if the number of signals is increased or the application requires new measurement techniques. This means immediate productivity and the ability to grow with the experimental requirements without any drawback. Conventional systems DC Sources Waveform Generator Multimeter - acceptable noise performance - high resolution - low speed - acceptable noise performance - high precision - very low speed - poor noise performance - poor resolution - very high speed Digitizer Card - poor noise performance - poor resolution - very high speed High signal performance Low signal performance Low speed High speed Nanonis Tramea Analoge Inputs - very low noise - high resolution - high speed Analoge Outputs High signal performance High speed attoMICROSCOPY Sophisticated Tools for Science