Arts & International Affairs: Volume 2, Issue 1 | Page 110

aid or investment, but this is not offered permanently and cannot reach a large number of cultural organizations and cultural industries. Many among them also do not want to lose their relatively independent autonomous positions, their opportunities to function flexibly, and to develop programs and activities that they can direct at various audiences through different markets. Even if cultural stratification in Southeast European culture is not always fully transparent and even if cultures do not always display the same cultural subtypes, they do reflect processes of cultural deinstitutionalization and the general transformation of attitudes toward culture. In relation to cultural spaces, cultural policies have been only partly de- and re-constructed, and this has intensified discussions about their nature, scope, and functioning. In a way, the concept of national culture has been dissolved within the concept of cultural space, but this also remains rather vague. As cultural dynamics reflect the increase in cultural production, exchange and communication, and the intensity of cultural exchanges, cultural policies can be slow to adapt to the state of globalism that is reflected in a wider and not clearly defined notion of cultural space. Although cultural policies remain predominantly confined to national cultural spaces and to the strata of institutionalized cultures, they increasingly need to conceptualize various possible types of cultural surroundings and spaces, which might help them to adapt and thus to improve their functioning and flexibility. In the context of globalism, cultural policies might encourage ideas of democratic governance to be introduced within cultural spaces. They may strengthen relationships between local and national cultural policy levels and reflect both global and local influences on cultural policy making. However, the relationship between cultural policies and markets that demand liberalized cultural exchanges in the context of globalism remains undefined. There is a divergence between the interests of publicly supported cultural institutions, workers, and artists on the one hand, and consumers as individual users of cultural goods and values on the other. The question is whether the transformation of cultural policies through the enlargement of their scope to global surroundings (Kleberg ����) might be possible. When they refer strictly to the institutionalized (and state-supported) culture they diminish their scope, and their functionality is reduced even if such policies may be reproduced and adapted to local cultures at subnational or regional levels. When the existing national policies refer to globalized 109