ARRC Journal 2019 | Page 39

READY FOR TODAY – EVOLVING FOR TOMORROW CONTRACTOR SUPPORT TO NON-ARTICLE 5 CRISIS RESPONSE OPERATIONS: THE WIDER IMPLICATIONS Major Steve Barnard, British Army Contractor support to operations (CSO) is not a new phenomenon. For hundreds of years defence has employed contractors to support deployed armed forces across the full spectrum of operations. In the current operating environment, we can expect to see contractors provide goods and services from food to security, and employ personnel from as local as the host nation to globally-resourced manpower. As countries and politicians buy out risk through the use of contractors, we can expect the economic investment in CSO to have greater and wider implications for the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC) in any crisis response operational environment. The economic impact of any such investment will have implications for all the staff functions of the headquarters whether it is directly or indirectly – one only need follow the money. Economic investment in a region will shape how the political and social landscape develops over the duration of a military campaign. Whether peace enforcement or humanitarian and disaster relief, the operational environment will be within the people and that looks very different to warfighting. Understanding the wider implications of such investments in this type of operational environment will allow us to better inform the planning process and to analyse these factors to give sound situational awareness to the commander’s plan in support of bringing stability to a region. The economic impact of a deployed NATO force will have an influence from the tactical to strategical level of any operation. This can be better understood through facts and figures. In 2012, Allied Command Operations (ACO) and the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) committed 79 per cent (€411 million) of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) common- funded budget on contracted goods and services. 1 To put that into perspective, such a figure equates to 22 per cent of South Sudan’s GDP in 2016. 2 “In an intervention environment, contracting is not just a technical purchasing function. It is an integral part of the mission strategy.” TI UK Corruption Threats & International Missions, 2014 The Basics The basic principles of resource planning and the provision of contracting remain extant throughout. First, seek a military solution or look for a country to take the lead on the provision of a capability or provide capacity. If this is not achievable then the host nation will be asked to provide. Only when these options are not attainable is a contracted solution sought. NATO defines CSO as “deployed support to operations provided by commercial entities, assured for the commander, and optimised to be the most efficient and “It is commander’s business – The commander needs to understand and be aware of the requirements for contractor support. It is not something you offload to someone because those individuals/organisations are going to operate in your battlespace.” Lt. Gen. Michael Williamson, US Army effective use of resources.” 3 Furthermore, contracting is “the act of purchasing, renting, leasing or otherwise obtaining services or supplies from commercial or governmental sources through a legally binding contract.” 4 1 IBAN IBA-AR (2014)11 dated 13 June 2014. 2 www.tradingeconomics as at 31 October 18. 3 EAPC (SNLC) D (2010)0005. 4 EAPC (SNLC) D (2010)0005. ALLIED RAPID REACTION CORPS 39