Arctic Yearbook 2015 | Page 69

69 Arctic Yearbook 2015 significant bilateral and multilateral cooperation and conflict (Young 2005). Transnational regional cooperation evolved through a number of political venues such as the Arctic Council and multilateral agreements in the Barents region (along the Barents Sea from Norway to Russia), as well as through the institutionalization of Arctic indigenous polities (Paasi 1999; Shadian 2006). By comparison, the second path developed through intra-state political and economic decentralization to existing regional/territorial units. This trend in Arctic governance has been particularly obvious in the federal Arctic states—whic