Arctic Yearbook 2015 | Page 58

58 Arctic Yearbook 2015 2011): the regulations apply to all Canadian and foreign vessels conducting international transits, but do not apply to vessel operating exclusively in waters under Canadian jurisdiction. Commercial fisheries were also left divided into Inuit and non-Inuit fisheries because their operations are quite different; Inuit fishers operate at the local level, whereas non-Inuit fishers are directed by international commercial interests. Another set of stakeholders that could have been grouped were those operating for tourism purposes: the cruise industry and adventure tourists. They were left separated because the cruise industry is highly regulated, whereas adventure tourists essentially operate on their own. The cruise industry was also left separated from international and domestic shipping because their purposes for operating in the Arctic, parts of the legal framework surrounding their activities, and the type of voyages they undertake are significantly different. Finally, we decided to combine the territorial governments under one stakeholder group. This decision was made because, although their agendas may differ, their general mandate and role in the realm of shipping in the Canadian Arctic is the same. This is particularly true given the scale at which we are conducting this study. Some stakeholders were consciously omitted from the analysis, such as the International Chamber of Shipping and the International Labour Organization. Although they do influence aspects of shipping, they were not considered to be central to the development of shipping in the Canadian Arctic specifically. The International Chamber of Shipping promotes the interests of shipowners and operators, and the International Labour Organization addresses workers’ rights, but neither contributes to the demand for shipping in the Canadian Arctic that will drive changes in volumes of activities. In addition, many of these organizations collaborate with the IMO to develop guidelines and regulations for maritime activities. The decision was also made to exclude port authorities because there is a known lack of deepwater ports, places of refuge, marine salvage, and adequate port facilities in the Canadian Arctic, and the ports from which vessels voyaging to the Arctic originate are located outside the region, and outside the scope of our study. Table 1. All identified stakeholders organized alphabetically by stakeholder group. For a complete list of all stakeholders and stakeholder groups, their scale(s) of operations, and their interests, see Appendix 1 on our website. 5 Stakeholder Group Stakeholders Included in Group Aboriginal Affairs & Northern Development Canada (AANDC) Canadian Polar Commission Adventure tourists Arctic Council Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP); Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme (AMAP); Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF); Economic Council; Emergency Prevention, Preparedness & Response (EPPR); Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME); Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) Banks/Insurance market Underwriters, lawyers, P&I Clubs Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency (CanNor) Maritime Activities in the Canadian Arctic