African Design Magazine August 2015 | Page 87

Feature: Landscaping DESIGN SOLUTIONS DESIGN SOLUTIONS Trees, as part of design, transform spaces. The aesthetic and spiritual attributes of trees add value to landscapes and communities alike. Form and function of trees compliment the architecture of the built environment. The tapestry of spaces is undoubtedly enhanced by bold tree planting. T his article is about trees – trees whose structure, habit and other characteristics make them especially useful to design with regards to buildings and outdoor spaces in an urban setting. Trees are visualised in terms of their relation to buildings. The tree height to building height, leaf texture to wall surface, density or sparsity of foliage to the arrangement of windows and doors in a building, spring and autumn colouration to building material and tree form to overall composition, should all be taken into consideration when it comes to design. Seasonal changes The tree is considered as an element of design, an ever-changing, living object available for the embellishment of buildings and enrichment of outdoor spaces. Seasonal change in the appearance of a tree, is an important design factor. Trees are generally grouped into three sections: deciduous trees (those which lose their leaves during winter), evergreen trees and the foliage/blossom of trees. Deciduous trees prevent solar radiation during summer and transmit solar radiation in winter. The design of a building combined with the careful planting of trees can significantly reduce the amount of fuel used to heat or cool buildings. Trees provide shelter and reduce wind speed, thus minimising heat loss from buildings during winter. In summer, shade is provided whilst the evapo-transpiration of water from the leaf surface has a general cooling effect on surrounding air. This can lessen the need for air conditioning during hot weather. It is also necessary to consider the colour effects of evergreen versus deciduous trees. Evergreen foliage provides permanent colour in a landscape, as these trees are green year-round. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in winter, but still offer great interest with their form and branch structure as well as bark colour and texture. Spring and autumn colouration can also be relevant. The rich yellows, browns and reds of deciduous trees’ foliage at the end of summer heralds the beginning of the cold season. When Adding these trees are grouped together or planted in a value with lane position, the burst of colour attracts the eye. In addition, the new foliage that emerge after arboretums winter can vary in colour from a fresh green Read more here to brilliant red. africandesignmagazine.com 87