African Design Magazine ADM #39 April 2018 | Page 30

TECHNOLOGY
in the procedures of the work which
is stated in this literature. This work
using GIS, provides 4D visualisation
progress of projects along with
scheduled quantities stored in
database management. The major
aim of this study is to make use
of GIS for scheduling activities
and interlink it with 3D drawings
to provide better visualisation of
construction progress.
1.2. 4D GIS modelling
A four-dimensional geographic
system (4D-GIS) is employed
as both spatial and non-spatial
References
U. Y. Polekar and R. R. Salgude, “Planning, scheduling and tracking of a residential project
using Primavera software,” vol. Volume 3, Issue 5, 2015.
T. Subramani and M. Sekar, “Preplanning and scheduling of road construction by using
PPM,” International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, vol.
4, no. 5, pp. 234–244, 2015. 
B. Koo and M. Fischer, “Feasibility study of 4D CAD in commercial construction,” Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 251–260, 2000. 
V. K. Bansal and M. Pal, “Generating, evaluating, and visualising construction schedule with
geographic information systems,” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, vol. 22, no. 4,
pp. 233–242, 2008.
V. R. Keesara and D. Karthik, “4D planning and scheduling of the construction project using
project management software and GIS,” Geoinformatics & Geostatistics, vol. 2, no. 3, 2014. 
R. R. A. Issa, I. Flood, and W. J. O’Brien, 4D CAD and Visualisation Inconstruction:
30
AFRICAN DESIGN MAGAZINE © | APRIL 2018
data processing platform. 4D-GIS
effectively integrates, manages, and
analyses spatial information and
non-spatial information, outlined as
4D information (2D, 3D, and time
amendment data).
The 4D modelling tool is a dominant