Africa Water, Sanitation & Hygiene November - December 2016 vol.11 No.6

September October Less than 2% of Indonesia’s urban population has sewerage coverage, and instead uses on-site sanitation solutions. Many of the on site solutions have unsealed bases, meaning that untreated wastewater seeps out into the environment. By 2025, nearly two ¬thirds of countries will be water-¬stressed and 2.4 billion people will face absolute water scarcity, challenging humanity to better manage Earth’s water resource. Remote sensing with satellites orbiting Earth can improve data inputs and inform decisions about water management projects. Source: Mills et al. (2014) Assessing on¬site systems and sludge accumulation rates to understand pit emptying in Indonesia. Source: WPP/World Bank (2015) Water Security for All: The Next Wave of Tools November December Global warming is changing hydrological and rainfall patterns, making wet places wetter and dry places drier. If carbon emissions continue to fuel climate change at current rates, the duration of warm spells¬¬--which reduce soil moisture and decrease rainfall¬¬--will increase in capital cities in especially the Middle East and North Africa region. Source: NOAA (2007) “Will the wet get wetter and the dry drier?” Africa Water, Sanitation & Hygiene • November - December 2016 41

Africa Water, Sanitation & Hygiene November - December 2016 vol.11 No.6 | Page 43