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This abstract was presented as a poster at the ACOMS 36th Annual
Scien fic Conference and Exhibi on, April 18‐20, 2015.
ComplicaƟons of ParƟculate AllograŌs and XenograŌs
Katrina L. Kontaxis, DMD and Michael P. Johnson, DMD
Yale New Haven Hospital
Purpose: Bone gra s are o en used for site development when
there is insufficient bone for dental implant placement.
Autogenous gra s are considered the gold standard, however their
use is limited by donor site morbidity and finite quan es of
available bone. Thus, allogra s and xenogra s have been developed and are commonly used for site
prepara on as an alterna ve to autogenous gra ing.
Method: The aims of this study were to determine the complica on rates of par culate gra s, elucidate
factors associated with failure, and compare different materials used for bone augmenta on in implant sites.
This is a retrospec ve cohort study of pa ents who had allogra s or xenogra s placed for site development.
The procedures were performed at a single ins tu on by mul ple surgeons. Par ally edentulous pa ents with
horizontal defects resul ng in insufficient bone for implant placement were included in the study. The primary
outcome variable was the presence or absence of complica ons. Odds ra os were performed to determine the
effects of age, sex, smoker status, medical comorbidi es, implant site, post‐op an bio cs, membrane, and type
of gra on complica ons.
Results: Seventy‐eight pa ents with 112 gra sites were studied. Six gra s (5.36%) failed to provide adequate
bone volume, requiring a new gra prior to implant placement. Eight sites (7.14%) necessitated addi onal
gra ing at the me of implant placement. There were 17 sites (15.17%) that had minor complica ons
(dehiscence, exfoliated gra material, localized infec on, loss of membrane, transient neurologic disturbance),
which resolved with local measures. Pa ents over 70 years of age and maxillary premolar sites were less likely
to have a complica on (p<0.05). Females, smokers, and maxillary incisor sites were more likely to experience a
complica on (p<0.05). Xenogra s were associated with
ATTENTION RESIDENTS: This monthly segment
more minor complica ons than allogra s (p<0.05) however
in the ACOMS Review is your opportunity to share
they did not lead to more gra failures.
a case report or literature review with a nationwide
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that 95% of
allogra s and xenogra s provided adequate bone for
implant placement, and judicious pa ent selec on may
decrease the incidence of complica ons, which tend to be
minor and resolve with local measures.
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